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Engaged with European Old Masters

Later art that adopts or quotes the techniques, compositions and subjects of European painting from the Renaissance to about 1800.

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Artists engaged with the Old Masters take up the look, techniques or compositions of European painting from the Renaissance to around 1800: glazed flesh, dramatic chiaroscuro, carefully built perspective, formal portraits and grand narrative scenes. Some paint in that manner outright; others quote a known picture to change what it says.

The habit runs through modern art. Édouard Manet's Olympia (1863) restaged Titian's Venus of Urbino (1538) as a Paris courtesan, Pablo Picasso made dozens of variations on Diego Velázquez's Las Meninas in 1957, and Francis Bacon turned the same painter's portrait of Pope Innocent X into a screaming figure in 1953. Bill Viola's slow-motion video The Greeting (1995) re-enacts Pontormo's Visitation. Kehinde Wiley places Black sitters in the poses of aristocratic portraits, and Michaël Borremans paints enigmatic figures with a restrained, fluid brush. Look for the dark ground, raking light and period costume.

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