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The Blue Rider

Der Blaue Reiter: the Munich circle around Wassily Kandinsky and Franz Marc, 1911–14, which sought spiritual meaning through colour.

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When the jury of a Munich exhibiting society rejected Wassily Kandinsky's abstract Composition V (1911), he and Franz Marc walked out and organised their own exhibition that December under the name Der Blaue Reiter. Both loved blue, and Kandinsky had painted horsemen for years; the rider became an emblem of spiritual striving. It was less a formal association than an editorial and exhibiting partnership.

Its central statement was the almanac Der Blaue Reiter (1912), which set Bavarian glass paintings, children's drawings, Russian folk prints and music by Arnold Schoenberg beside modern painting. Kandinsky's On the Spiritual in Art (1911) argued that colour acts directly on the soul, and Marc painted animals in intense, symbolic colours in The Large Blue Horses (1911). Gabriele Münter, August Macke, Paul Klee and the American Albert Bloch took part. The First World War ended it: Macke and Marc were killed, and Kandinsky returned to Russia.

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