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CategoriesMedium and Techniques

Sound Art

Art that uses sound as its principal material, in installations, sculptures, recordings, performances and listening walks.

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Sound art treats sound as something to be placed, built or explored rather than composed for the concert hall. The Futurist Luigi Russolo published The Art of Noises (1913) and built intonarumori, noise-making machines. Marcel Duchamp's With Hidden Noise (1916) encloses an unknown object that rattles inside a ball of twine, and John Cage's 4′33″ (1952) frames the sounds of the room as the piece.

From the 1960s artists made sound spatial. Max Neuhaus, credited with the term sound installation, set a drone beneath a subway grating in Times Square (1977). Alvin Lucier's I Am Sitting in a Room (1969) re-records speech until the room's resonances swallow the words. Janet Cardiff's The Forty Part Motet (2001) places forty speakers in an oval, each playing one singer's voice. Christian Marclay cuts and scratches records. Listen for where sound sits in space and how it shifts as a visitor moves.

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