Arts and Crafts Movement
A design reform movement begun in Victorian Britain that prized hand-made work, honest construction and the well-being of the maker.
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About
The movement grew from John Ruskin's argument, in The Stones of Venice (1851–53), that medieval builders had found fulfilment in their work and the factory had taken it away. William Morris put the idea into practice, founding a decorating firm in 1861 that produced hand-printed wallpapers, textiles, stained glass and furniture. The name came from the Arts and Crafts Exhibition Society, formed in London in 1887.
C. R. Ashbee's Guild of Handicraft moved to the Cotswolds in 1902, and Eric Gill later carried the same ethic into lettering and engraving. In the United States, Gustav Stickley's magazine The Craftsman promoted plain oak furniture, Charles Rohlfs carved idiosyncratic pieces in Buffalo, and Van Briggle made matte-glazed pottery in Colorado. Look for exposed joints and pegs, quarter-sawn oak, hammered copper and patterns of plants and birds. Morris knew the catch: hand-made goods cost more than most workers could afford.
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