Technology
Machines, industry and new technologies in art, as subjects to depict and as tools, from ironworks at night to kinetic light.
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Every new technology has altered what artists make and what they choose to show. Philip James de Loutherbourg's Coalbrookdale by Night (1801) paints English ironworks glowing like an inferno, and Charles Sheeler's Classic Landscape (1931) gives Ford's River Rouge plant the calm order of a temple. In the 1930s David Alfaro Siqueiros adopted spray guns and industrial lacquers, arguing that modern subjects needed modern materials.
After 1950 machines became part of the work itself. The Brazilian Abraham Palatnik built boxes of moving coloured light, his Cinechromatic Apparatus, first shown in 1951, and the Greek artist Takis suspended metal objects in the pull of electromagnets. In New York, the engineer Billy Klüver and Robert Rauschenberg were among the founders of Experiments in Art and Technology in 1966, which paired artists with engineers. Look for wires, motors, screens and light, and for the unease that often travels with them.
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