CategoriesCultural and Religious Styles
Qing Dynasty
Chinese art of 1644–1912: Individualist and Orthodox painting, imperial porcelain and jade, Yangzhou eccentrics and epigraphic calligraphy.
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About
The Manchu Qing dynasty ruled China from 1644 to 1912, and its art pulls in several directions. Loyalists to the fallen Ming turned inward: Bada Shanren, a Ming prince, painted lone birds and fish with glaring eyes, and Shitao argued that a painter should follow no fixed method. Meanwhile Orthodox masters such as Wang Hui and Wang Yuanqi rebuilt landscape through the study of earlier models, and their manner became the court's official taste.
The Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong emperors ran vast workshops. Jingdezhen porcelain gained new overglaze enamels, including the soft pinks known as famille rose, and jade and cloisonné reached technical extremes. The Italian Jesuit Giuseppe Castiglione painted horses and portraits for Qianlong with European shading. In 18th-century Yangzhou, merchant patrons supported unconventional painters such as Jin Nong and Li Shan. Calligraphers including Yi Bingshou and Zhao Zhiqian drew on ancient stone inscriptions, a taste that fed Wu Changshuo and later Qi Baishi.